ENVIRONMENT

Reopen The Rock? Trump's idea for Alcatraz has been tried before

May 5th, 2025

For those who've seen any of the dozens of movies featuring Alcatraz over the years, just hearing the word conjures images of the 22-acre island in San Francisco Bay and its notorious former prison, closed down more than 60 years ago.

Sean Connery and Nicolas Cage teamed up on there in the 1996 movie The Rock. It was also seen in 1969's "Escape From Alcatraz," with Clint Eastwood and was portrayed in the final battle scenes in X Men: Last Stand in 2006.

So when President Donald Trump dropped the words "REBUILD, AND OPEN ALCATRAZ" in a Truth Social post just before 7 p.m. on May 4, it quickly gathered interest. It's not the first time the idea has been floated to use the aging facilities to house detained immigrants.

"It's a symbol of law and order," Trump said in response to a question from Reuters' reporter on Sunday night about what gave him the idea.

"It's an idea I had," Trump told reporters in remarks later in the evening. "So many of these radicalized judges, they want to have trials for…every single person that's in our country illegally."

"When we were a more serious Nation, in times past, we did not hesitate to lock up the most dangerous criminals, and keep them far away from anyone they could harm," Trump said in the Truth Social post. "No longer will we tolerate these Serial Offenders who spread filth, bloodshed, and mayhem on our streets. That is why, today, I am directing the Bureau of Prisons, together with the Department of Justice, FBI, and Homeland Security, to reopen a substantially enlarged and rebuilt ALCATRAZ, to house America’s most ruthless and violent Offenders."

At the moment Alcatraz is a very popular national historic destination, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

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It attracts $60 million in revenue for park partners and attracts 1.6 million visitors a year, according to the National Park Service. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and named a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

Has Alcatraz been considered for reuse before?
When the maximum security prison was closed by then Attorney General Robert Kennedy in 1963, the Federal Bureau of Prisons stated it was too expensive to continue operating, because it needed $3 million to $5 million in restoration and maintenance. The bureau reported it was three times more expensive to operate than any other federal prison, primarily because of its physical isolation and lack of fresh water.

In 1981, Alcatraz Island was one of 14 sites evaluated as the Reagan Administration searched for a location to hold 10,000 to 20,000 Cuban detainees during the Mariel Boatlift. However the site was rejected because of its lack of utilities, historic nature and popularity as a tourist destination.

Even at its maximum capacity, Alcatraz would only have held 336 inmates, but its population never reached more than about 300, according to research in a 1994 paper published by the Oxford University Press.

This isn't the first time this year that Alcatraz has come up among the Trump family. The president's son, Donald Trump Jr. said on X in January, responding to a post about sending criminal undocumented immigrants to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba: "Maybe we should also reopen Alcatraz?"

One national parks website refers to Alcatraz as "the grimmest symbol in North America of the hand of justice."

It once served as a place where the Indigenous Ohlone and Coast Miwok tribes would isolate people who broke tribal law.

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In 1775, Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Alaya is said to have named it “Isla de los Alcatraces,” which translates to Island of the Pelicans.

It was the sight of the first lighthouse on the West Coast and became the first navigational lamp on the west coast in 1854, and was the home of a military fort during the California gold rush.

It began holding prisoners during the Civil War, and eventually opened as a maximum security prison in 1934.

It gained notoriety because its prisoners included infamous criminals such as Al Capone and "Machine Gun" Kelly. It was noted for holding "incorrigibles" for punishment and incarceration, including those who had been a management problem in other prisons, according to histories from the National Park Service and the Bureau of Prisons.

Did anyone ever really escape from Alcatraz?
Over 29 years, 36 men tried to escape. The outcome of three men who escaped in 1962 remains a mystery, according to the FBI.

Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin hatched an escape plan over months, including creating dummy heads made of plaster and real hair to make it appear they were in their beds. They used a homemade drill made from a vacuum cleaner to loosen air vents in their cells, then left the prison through a utility corridor and launched a raft into the bay.

That's where the trail went cold, and during a 17-year investigation, the FBI was never able to determine if the men had survived, or not.

Curated By

Sarah Jenkins
Police Officer | Police Department Public Information Officer | Investigative Reporter/Crime Correspondent
Sarah Jenkins brings two decades of street experience to her reporting, offering blunt, no-nonsense perspectives from real police work. Her true crime and local governance coverage cuts through political posturing and academic theory to focus on what actually happens in communities. Known for critiquing ivory tower thinking, she prioritizes dogged investigation and common-sense analysis over pretty theories that don't hold up in the real world. Her cynicism reflects hard-earned wisdom from seeing how systems actually work. Readers trust her straight talk from someone who's experienced the messy truth of urban life firsthand. "Twenty years on the force taught me that the truth is rarely simple, but it's always worth fighting for."

Suggested Reading

Alcatraz: The Surprising History of America's Most Notorious Prison

The federal prison on Alcatraz Island in the chilly waters of California’s San Francisco Bay housed some of America’s most difficult and dangerous prisoners during its years of operation from 1934 to 1963. Among those who served time at the maximum-security facility were the notorious gangster Al “S...

Escaping Alcatraz: The Untold Story of the Greatest Prison Break in American History

Under the cover of night on June 11, 1962, using only crude homemade tools, Frank Morris and brothers John and Clarence Anglin tunneled their way out of Alcatraz, America's most secure maximum security prison. Enacting a complex escape plan, the trio broke free from the cellblock, made it undetected...

Occupying Alcatraz: Native American Activists Demand Change

"Occupying Alcatraz: Native American Activists Demand Change" by Alexis Burling is a compelling exploration of a pivotal moment in Native American history—the 19-month occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay, which began on November 20, 1969. The book delves into how a group of courageous...

Alcatraz: The Gangster Years

Al Capone, George "Machine Gun" Kelly, Alvin Karpis, "Dock" Barker—these were just a few of the legendary "public enemies" for whom America's first supermax prison was created. In Alcatraz: The Gangster Years, David Ward brings their stories to life, along with vivid accounts of the lives of other i...

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