Synopsis
Eat Thy Neighbour: A History of Cannibalism, co-authored by cultural historians Daniel Diehl and Mark P. Donnelly, is an accessible exploration of one of humanity's most deeply entrenched social and moral taboos. Published in 2006, the book contextualizes the act of humans consuming other humans, examining how the practice has manifested across different cultures, eras, and circumstances. Rather than leaning purely into sensationalized horror, the authors attempt to look past the initial shock value to analyze the historical, sociological, and psychological motivations behind anthropophagy (the eating of human flesh).
The authors categorize the history of cannibalism into several distinct archetypes to show that the practice is rarely random. They examine ritualistic and funerary cannibalism within certain ancient and traditional societies—such as tribes in Papua New Guinea—where consuming parts of the deceased was viewed as a profound sign of respect, a way to inherit the person's strength, or a vital method for keeping their spirit alive within the community. The text contrasts these culturally structured practices with survival cannibalism, documenting grim historical instances where war, extreme poverty, or environmental disasters left stranded or starving populations with no other choice but to eat the dead to stay alive.
Beyond historical realities, the book tracks how cannibalism has permeated human psychology through folklore and culture. Diehl and Donnelly delve into how the concept is utilized in mythology, classic literature, and traditional fairy tales like Hansel and Gretel to personify ultimate evil and danger. They also trace the phenomenon into the modern era, profiling infamous real-world figures and criminal cases, such as Armin Meiwes in Germany and the American murderer Ed Gein, whose horrific actions went on to inspire iconic horror films like Psycho and The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
Ultimately, the book provides a comprehensive overview that balances true-crime intrigue with anthropological study. By tracing the practice from prehistoric archaeological evidence to contemporary headlines, Diehl and Donnelly demonstrate that while the modern world views cannibalism with near-universal revulsion, it remains a dark, persistent thread woven throughout the tapestry of human history.